Aperture determines how much light enters through the camera lens. Stopping down refers to increasing the f-stop value, which reduces light, while Opening up decreases the f-stop value, allowing more light in. Shutter speed controls how long the camera’s sensor is exposed to light. A faster shutter speed means the sensor is exposed for a shorter time, letting in less light. Camera exposure affects how bright or dark an image appears after being photographed. This is influenced by the aperture, ISO, and shutter speed settings.